^[1]    Situation of Violence Against Women and Children in Kenya: Implementation of the UN Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.

^[2]    Sexual Offenses Act.

^[3]    Protection Against Domestic Violence Act (2015).pdf.

^[4]    High Court of Kenya Criminal Case No. 40 of 2015 [2018]. Available at: http://kenyalaw.org/caselaw/cases/view/153938.

^[5]    Supreme Court Petition Nos. 15 and 16 of 2015 [2017]. Available at: http://kenyalaw.org/caselaw/cases/view/145193/.

^[6]    Criminal Appeal No. 9 of 2018.

^[7]    High Court of Kenya Civil Appeal No. 111 of 2019 [2020]. Available at: http://kenyalaw.org/caselaw/cases/view/195132.

^[8]    High Court of Kenya Criminal Appeal No. 38 of 2016 [2019]. Available at: http://kenyalaw.org/caselaw/cases/view/176411/.

^[9]    Criminal Appeal No. 140 of 2012 [2015]. Available at: http://kenyalaw.org/caselaw/cases/view/111987.

^[10]    High Court of Kenya Civil Appeal No. 111 of 2019 [2019]. Available at: http://kenyalaw.org/caselaw/cases/view/189195/.

^[11]    Section 3(1) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[12]    Section 3(2) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[13]    Section 3(1) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[14]    Full list in Section 4(1) of the Domestic Violence Act. Section 4(2) clarifies that a person will not be regarded as sharing a household with another person if they only have a landlord-tenant relationship, an employer-employee relationship or they occupy a common dwelling house. Section 4(3) further clarifies that a person will not be regarded as having a close personal relationship with another person if they only have an employer-employee relationship. Section 4(4) provides a non-exhaustive list of factors that the court may consider when determining whether a close personal relationship exists, including the nature of the relationship, the amount of time the persons spend together, the place where that time is ordinarily spent, the manner in which that time is ordinarily spent and the duration of the relationship.

^[15]    Section 2 of the Domestic Violence Act. Stalking is also included within the definition of "violence" in Section 3.

^[16]    Section 2 of the Domestic Violence Act. Harassment is also included within the definition of "violence" in Section 3.

^[17]    Section 2 of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[18]    Section 2 of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[19]    Section 3(1) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[20]    Section 2 of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[21]    Section 2 of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[22]    Section 2 of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[23]    Section 2 of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[24]    Section 2 of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[25]    Section 2 of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[26]    Section 13(1)(b) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[27]    Section 8(1) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[28]    Section 9(1) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[29]    Sections 8(2) and 9(1) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[30]    Full list in Section 9(2) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[31]    Sections 8(3) and 10(1) of the Domestic Violence Act. Full list of potential representatives in Section 10(2).

^[32]    Section 8(4) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[33]    Section 2 of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[34]    Section 19(5)(b) of the Domestic Violence Act. This section refers to an "exclusion order" but, as this is not defined within the act, we can assume this means either a protection order or an order under Section 114(c) of the Children's Act.

^[35]    Full list in Section 19(2) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[36]    Section 114(c) of the Children's Act.

^[37]    Section 114(f) of the Children's Act.

^[38]    Section 114(g) of the Children's Act.

^[39]    Section 130 of the Children's Act.

^[40]    Section 132(1) of the Children's Act.

^[41]    Section 131(3) of the Children's Act.

^[42]    Section 132(10) of the Children's Act.

^[43]    Section 113 of the Children's Act.

^[44]    Section 12(1)(5) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[45]    Section 28(1)(3) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[46]    Section 21 of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[47]    Section 24(2) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[48]   Section 30(1) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[49]    Section 12(1) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[50]    Section 12(2) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[51]   Section 13(1) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[52]    Section 13(3) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[53]   Section 13(5) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[54]    Section 32(1) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[55]    Section 32(2) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[56]    Section 19(5)(a) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[57]    Section 32(2)(c) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[58]    https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/28595/115477/F-857725769/KEN28595.pdf.

^[59]   https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Inefficiency-at-police-stations-impedes-justice/1056-5233268-iwfkuoz/index.html; Section 6(4) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[60]    https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/08/tackling-kenyas-domestic-violence-amid-covid-19-crisis.

^[61]   Section 6(1) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[62]   https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589871X19300841.

^[63]    Section 40 of the Sexual Offenses Act.

^[64]    https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/pursuing-justice-for-sexual-and-gender-based-violence-in-kenya.pdf.

^[65]    https://namati.org/network/organization/national-lega-aid-service/; http://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/LegalAidAct_No._6_of_2016.pdf.

^[66]    https://klrc.go.ke/index.php/media-center/638-the-review-of-the-civil-procedure-act-the-evidence-act-and-the-interpretation-and-general-provisions-act.

^[67]    https://ogekazacharia.blogspot.com/2018/07/burden-of-proof-in kenya.html?_sm_au_=iVVVTzRNrzjFDSVrKkM6NKsW8f6TG.

^[68]    Section 124 of the Evidence Act.

^[69]   Section 29 of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[70]    Section 44 of the Sexual Offenses Act.

^[71]    Section 8(5) of the Sexual Offenses Act.

^[72]    Section 38 of the Sexual Offenses Act.

^[73]    Sections 7(3) and (4) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[74]   Section 42 of the Sexual Offenses Act.

^[75]   Paragraph 12 of the Penal Code: https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/28595/115477/F-857725769/KEN28595.pdf.

^[76]   Section 128 of the Evidence Act.

^[77]   Section 7 of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[78]    Section 7 of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[79]    Section 31(1) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[80]   Section 130 of the Evidence Act.

^[81]   Section 137 of the Evidence Act.

^[82]    Section 31(3) of the Sexual Offenses Act.

^[83]    Sections 31 and 32 of the Sexual Offenses Act.

^[84]    Section 11 of the Sexual Offenses Act.

^[85]    Section 8(1) of the Sexual Offenses Act.

^[86]   Section 8(5) of the Sexual Offenses Act.

^[87]   Section 8(6) of the Sexual Offenses Act.

^[88]   Section 7 of the Sexual Offenses Act.

^[89]    Section 33(1) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[90]    Section 22 of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[91]    Section 23(2) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[92]    Section 32 of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[93]    Section 39(2) of the Sexual Offenses Act.

^[94]    Section 39(6) of the Sexual Offenses Act.

^[95]    Section 39(7) of the Sexual Offenses Act.

^[96]   Section 39(8) of the Sexual Offenses Act.

^[97]    Section 8 of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[98]   Section 9 of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[99]   Section 16(1) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[100]   Section 19(5) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[101]    Section 13(5) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[102]    Section 32 of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[103]    Sections 19(2) and 20(2) Domestic Violence Act.

^[104]    Section 19(3) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[105]    Section 19(7) of the Domestic Violence Act.

^[106]    Section 19(5) of the Domestic Violence Act.