4. Are there differences regarding trademark, copyright and patent licenses, noting any exceptions, e.g., mandatory licensing or standard essential patents?
From a BIL perspective, no. There are, however, different requirements for payment of royalties, for instance. For trademark license agreements and patent license agreements, in order for a Brazilian company to be able to pay royalties to a foreign licensor abroad, the relevant license agreement needs to be registered with the Brazilian Patent and Trademark Office (INPI) and the Central Bank of Brazil. There is no such requirement for copyright licenses. Also, under Brazilian laws, patents can be subject to compulsory licensing, while trademarks and copyrights cannot.