The most common work visa is the 9(g) visa, which is available to foreign nationals who intend to occupy an executive, technical, managerial or highly confidential position in a company in the Philippines. It is also available to foreign nationals who travel to the Philippines to engage in any lawful occupation, whether for wages or salary, or for other forms of compensation where a bona fide employer-employee relationship exists. The petitioning company must establish that there is no person in the Philippines who is willing and competent to perform the labor and service for which the foreign national is hired, and that the admission of the foreign national will be beneficial to the public interest.

The Philippine president is authorized to issue 47(a)(2) visas when public interest warrants so. The President, acting through the appropriate government agencies, has exercised this authority to allow the entry of foreign personnel employed in supervisory, technical or advisory positions in export processing zone enterprises, Board of Investments-registered enterprises and special government projects.

The employing entity must apply to the relevant government agency for authority to employ foreign nationals. This visa is generally valid for an initial period of one year and is renewable from year to year.

The foreign national's dependents who will join them in the Philippines are entitled to the same visa.

Foreign nationals employed by PEZA-registered entities and their dependents are required to secure PEZA Visas to work in the Philippines.

The PEZA Visa may be issued for one or two years, subject to renewal. PEZA Visa holders are entitled to multiple entry privileges, and exemption from immigration permits and clearances to re-enter the country.

The number of non-resident alien employees of the PEZA-registered entity, including the applicant, shall not exceed 5% of the enterprises' total workforce. 

If the number of the non-resident alien employees exceeds 5% of the enterprise's total workforce, the PEZA-registered entity must request clearance to employ additional non-resident aliens from DOLE, indicating the specific reasons for additional non-resident alien employees.

Multiple-entry special visas are available to the following:

• Foreign personnel of offshore banking units of foreign banks duly licensed by the Central Bank of the Philippines to operate. Foreign personnel shall be issued a multiple-entry special visa (also known as a visa under Presidential Decree No. 1034), valid for a period of one year.
• Foreign personnel of regional or area headquarters of multinational companies, which are officially recognized by the Philippine government

These foreign nationals and their dependents may be issued multiple-entry special visas valid for three years, which may be renewed upon legal and meritorious grounds.

The holder of this visa is exempt from obtaining an AEP from the DOLE as a condition to working in the Philippines.

A foreign investor is entitled to enter the Philippines as a treaty trader or investor if they are a national of Germany, Japan or the United States (countries with which the Philippines has concluded a reciprocal agreement for the admission of treaty investors or traders). The local petitioning company must be majority-owned by German, Japanese or United States interests. The nationality of the foreign national and the majority of the shareholders of the employing company must be the same.

The term "treaty trader" includes an alien employed by a treaty investor in a supervisory or executive capacity.

When granted, the visa extends to the investor's spouse and unmarried children under 21 years of age. It is generally valid for a one-year period subject to extension upon application of the investor.

In addition to acquiring the appropriate work or employment visa, a foreign national who wishes to work in the Philippines must obtain an AEP from the DOLE through the petitioning Philippine company.

The issuance of an AEP is subject to the non-availability of a person in the Philippines who is competent, able and willing to perform the services for which the foreign national is desired.

There are certain foreign nationals who are excluded from securing an AEP, including the following:

• Members of the governing board with voting rights only and not involved in the management/day-to-day operations of the corporation
• The president or treasurer of a corporation, and who is a part-owner of the employer
• An intra-corporate transferee who is a manager, executive or specialist, and who has been employed by the foreign service supplier for at least one year prior to deployment to a branch/subsidiary/affiliate or representative office in the Philippines
• A contractual service provider who is a manager, executive or specialist, and an employee of a foreign service supplier that has no commercial presence in the Philippines^[1]
• A representative of the foreign principal/employer who participates in recruitment activities of its duly licensed recruitment/manning agency accredited by or registered with the Department of Migrant Workers

There are certain foreign nationals who are exempted from securing an AEP, including the following:

• Dependent spouse of any member of the diplomatic corps, provided there is an existing reciprocity agreement and/or exchange of notes between the Philippine Government and the diplomat's country of origin
• Any accredited official and personnel of an international organization with which the Philippine government has entered into an agreement, and the dependent spouse of such official or personnel
• Any foreign national who is an officer, staff or employee in his or her country's embassy in the Philippines
• Any foreign national who is an officer, staff or employee of a peacekeeping or international organization, either deployed in the Philippines or invited by a non-governmental organization and accredited, endorsed or certified by the appropriate government agency
• Any foreign national who comes to the Philippines to teach, present or conduct research in a university or college or in a government agency as a visiting, exchange or adjunct professor under a formal agreement between the Philippine and foreign university or college, or between the Philippine government and the sending government
• Any foreign national who is a permanent, probationary or temporary resident visa holder
• Any refugee or stateless persons recognized by the DOJ pursuant to Article 17 of the 1951 and 1954 UN Conventions Relating to Status of Refugees and Stateless Persons
• Any foreign national exempted by law

Foreign nationals who need to commence employment while their applications for an AEP or work visa are still pending must secure a PWP. The PWP is valid for three months or until the work visa has been issued for the applicant.

Entities engaged in nationalized or partly nationalized industries can only employ foreign nationals as technical personnel and are subject to the issuance by the Department of Justice of an Authority to Employ.

Special work permit (SWP)

An SWP is a special permit issued to a foreign national who intends to work in the Philippines for a short-term (not exceeding six months) and to occupy a temporary position outside of an employment relationship. The SWP is issued for an initial period of three months and is extendible for a final period of an additional three months. The holder of an SWP must maintain a valid temporary visitor's visa.

Immigrant visas

Generally, a foreign national may acquire immigrant status in the Philippines if their country reciprocally allows Philippine citizens to become immigrants in that country. This privilege is usually embodied in a reciprocity agreement between the Philippines and the foreign national's country. There are four types of immigrant/resident visas, as follows:

• Quota (or preference)
• Non-quota
• Special resident visas (SRRV and SIRV)
• Subic Bay Freeport Residency Visas

Quota visa

The issuance of quota or preference visas is governed by an order of preference and requires the possession of qualifications, skills, or scientific, educational or technical knowledge that will advance and be beneficial to the Philippine national interest. They are issued on a calendar basis and cannot exceed the numerical limitation of 50 in a given year. The most common type of non-quota visa is one that is issued to a foreign national on the basis of marriage to a Philippine citizen.

Special Resident Retiree's Visa (SRRV)

The SRRV is available to foreign nationals and former Filipinos who are at least 40 years of age and who deposit the minimum amount required by law with an accredited bank, to be invested in any of the specifically designated areas. The required deposit is USD 25,000 (pensioner) or USD 50,000 (non-pensioner) for applicants who are aged 40 to 49, and USD 15,000 (pensioner) or USD 30,000 (non-pensioner) for applicants above 50 years of age.

Special Investor Resident Visa (SIRV)

The SIRV is a program offered by the Philippine government to foreign investors wanting to obtain a special resident status with multiple entries for as long as they can make and maintain the minimum required USD 75,000 in qualified investments.

A variation of the SIRV is issued to investors in tourist-related projects and tourist establishments. A foreign national who invests at least USD 50,000 in a qualified tourist-related project or tourism establishment, as determined by a government committee, shall be entitled to an SIRV.

Subic-Clark Investor’s Visas

An investor who has made and maintains an investment of at least USD 250,000 within the Subic Bay Freeport may apply for this visa. Such visa shall be valid as long as the visa holder maintains the investment.

Naturalization

It is possible for foreign nationals who reside in the Philippines to be naturalized and become citizens. Dual citizenship of former Filipino citizens is permitted.