[Last updated: 1 January 2024, unless otherwise noted]

Representative in Türkiye. A foreign issuer must enter into an agreement with a representative who is responsible by law for the exercise of financial and managerial rights arising from foreign securities as required by the laws of the issuer's home jurisdiction, submitting notifications and making disclosures to the PDP, and making payments in relation to the securities issued.

Central registry system. Shares traded on Borsa Istanbul are in dematerialized form and electronically held through the CSD. Similarly, rights issues are no longer in printed form but entered into the CSD's book-entry system.