Kiev Convention 1992, Minsk Convention 1993, Moscow Convention 1998 and Chisinau Convention 2002:

Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

Bilateral:

Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, Estonia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kyrgystan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, North Korea, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Tunisia, Yemen, and Vietnam.

Yes. Foreign court judgments might be enforced on the basis of international comity and reciprocity. However, the number of judgments enforced on the basis of reciprocity is very limited.

The statutory time period for the first instance court to consider the application is one month as from its filing with an arbitrazh (state commercial) court of a constituent entity (for commercial disputes), and two months as from filing with a district court of general jurisdiction (for non-commercial disputes).  In practice, the court review may take longer, depending on particular circumstances of the dispute and court workload.

Where the enforcement of a foreign judgment is opposed, the proceedings both at arbitrazh (state commercial) courts and courts of general jurisdiction as a rule last from 6 to 14 months. If there is no bilateral treaty, the proceedings in practice may take longer. Also, the duration of proceedings depends on the workload of judges at a particular court, which is higher in Moscow.

State duty for filing an application is USD 50, other expenses may include costs for translating and certifying the documents, as well as preparing witness evidence. As a rule, expenses do not exceed USD 1,000.  The approximate amount of legal fees ranges from approximately USD 25,000 to USD 40,000.

State duty for filing an application is approximately USD 50, other expenses may include costs for translating and certifying the documents, as well as preparing witness evidence. State duty for the review of court decisions is unsubstantial. Expenses will likely exceed USD 1,000 where the proceedings are lengthy, and especially in case of re-trial. The approximate amount of legal fees starts from approximately USD 45,000 and can exceed approximately USD 150,000, especially in case of re-trial.  

If there is no relevant international treaty between Russia and a relevant foreign jurisdiction, the court might enforce the judgment on the basis of international comity and reciprocity. In such case, a party would need to prove that Russian court judgments were or at least can be enforced by the courts of the relevant foreign jurisdiction. However, this process is costly and may not be effective.  Due to a new law in effect on 19 June 2020 granting Russian state courts exclusive competence in disputes involving Russian sanctioned entities or in disputes based on sanctions, the enforcement of foreign court judgments issued in such disputes may in certain circumstances be refused based on the violation of the exclusive competence of Russian state courts and/ or public policy grounds.