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1. Is it possible for documents to be executed electronically (whether by the manual insertion of a digital signature or the use of an e-signing platform) under the laws of this jurisdiction? If so, is this limited to only particular types of finance documents?

Yes, it is generally possible for documents to be executed electronically under the laws of Hong Kong, subject to certain restrictions under the Electronic Transactions Ordinance (ETO).

Schedule 1 to the ETO sets out certain categories of documents to which the relevant provisions of the ETO do not apply, for example, they require wet ink signatures or physical execution. Primarily relevant in the context of secured lending are documents creating, executing, varying or revoking an express trust or a power of attorney (including documents containing such trust/power of attorney provisions), Hong Kong land-related security documents and contracts assigning or otherwise disposing of an interest in immovable property in Hong Kong.

Charges created by companies that are registrable under the CO would generally also require physical execution. Security over particular types of assets (such as intellectual property, aircraft, vessels, etc.) may be subject to registrations with specialized registries. Whether the relevant security document can be executed electronically will depend on the specific registration requirements applicable in each case.

Special registration requirements apply for certain charges granted by individuals, which may require the security document to be executed in a physical written form.

In transactions involving government entities, a signature requirement under the law can only be satisfied by a "digital signature" supported by a recognized digital certificate issued by a certification authority recognized under the ETO. This requirement does not apply to transactions with parties that are not government entities.

2. Where the witnessing of a signing is contemplated, is it possible for the witness to verify the signature over a live video call?
Pending further clarification by legislation and case law, generally, it is prudent to assume that a witness must be physically present.
3. Is it possible to register/perfect security electronically without wet ink signatures?
It is possible to submit documents relating to charges and the release of charges to the Companies Registry for registration in an electronic form (and to sign the relevant Companies Registry form without wet ink signatures), provided that, among other things, appropriate user accounts are opened with, and the relevant passwords or digital certificates are "registered" with, the Companies Registry's e-Registry. However, normally, it is not feasible to electronically submit the registrable security document itself to the Companies Registry (e.g., because they typically include a power of attorney and other provisions that cannot be executed electronically by virtue of Schedule 1 to the ETO). Please see the Companies Registry's website for more guidance.
4. Are there any other legal restrictions that may prevent the parties from executing a finance transaction electronically?
No.